[Cyprinodontiformes] Aquarium Glaser Newsletter April 30th 2009
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Domingo, 3 de Maio de 2009 - 22:18:47 WEST
Prezados colegas,
Ainda não foi desta que temos uma referência aos nossos peixes favoritos.
No entanto há nesta “ newsletter “ motivos de sobra para qualquer
aquariofilista ficar interessado.
Um abraço a todos
Miguel Andrade
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De: Aquarium Glaser GmbH [mailto:info aquariumglaser.de]
Enviada: sexta-feira, 1 de Maio de 2009 01:01
Para: cyprinodon clix.pt
Assunto: [Provavel SPAM] Aquarium Glaser Newsletter April 30th 2009
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Nannostomus anduzei
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For the first time ever we were able to import this tiny fish in larger
numbers. Until now the fish was available only by accidental by-catches.
Please read more about this new jewel for nano tanks:
Within the family Lebiasinidae, sixteen scientifically accepted species of
the genus Nannostomus are known. Still, in aquatic specialist shops only
seven different species are offered: N.beckfordi, N.harrisoni, N.marginatus,
N. mortenthaleri, N.trifasciatus, and the two 'head-ups' N.eques and
N.unifasciatus.
Occasionally N. digrammus, N. espei and N. limatus are also available. Until
today, one other species, N.britskii, is completely unknown to the aquatic
world. Hardly anything can be said about colouration or appearance in
general. All other species are fairly known to aquarists but not available
in the shops because there is no demand for them. Every now and then, some
specimens of the species N.anduzei FERNANDEZ & WEITZMAN, 1987 come as
accidental catches to Europe.It can sometimes be found in catches of the
Blue Neon, Paracheirodon simulans.Very often, the fish are ignored due to
their smallness: they only reach a maximum length of 1.8 cm! With this
maximum length, N.anduzei is the smallest species of the genus. By the way:
the genus type is N.beckfordi.
The authors FERNANDEZ and WEITZMAN named the pretty dwarftetra in honour of
Dr Pablo Anduze who supported their research of the fish world of southern
Venezuela in every possible way.The reference specimens of this fairly 'new'
species come from a collection of a freshwater lagoon that is about 15 km
north of Puerto Ayacucho, in the upper regions of the Rio Orinoco. The water
temperature in the lagoon was nearly 30° C, the pH differed from 5.0 to 7.0.
A second place where N.anduzei was found is in northern Brazil. Dr WEITZMAN
was asked to identify a collection of fish from this particular place;
several specimens of N.anduzei were among them.The fish had been collected
in the waters of a savanna in the Rio Negro area. These stretches of water
belong to the Rio Ererê which comes from the North and flows (about 250 km
northwest of the mouth of the Rio Branco) into the Rio Negro, near the Rio
Padauari which came to our knowledge through exciting catches of Dwarf
cichlids.This particular place is one of the socalled 'black water' regions.
Interestingly, the fish caught there have the same colouration as the
specimens caught in Venezuela but the males of the Brazilian form have a
much longer anal fin. N. anduzei differs from all other Nannostomus species
in the lacking of dark spots or bars in night colouration. In night
colouration these fish seem to be transparent and display a golden shine
while the red in the anal fin and the caudal base is hardly recognizable.
The fish that are imported as accidental catches probably come from the Rio
Ererê region. For keeping them one needs only a small aquarium with a volume
of about 10 to 30 litres. At water parametres of 27° C, pH 7 or slightly
below and 10°dH hardness the precious little fish are absolutely
unproblematic to keep. For feeding one should use (due to the smallness of
the fish) very fine, sieved Cyclops, sometimes small Grindal Worms or
artemia nauplia. Occasionally they also enjoy fine dry food.
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If you keep a swarm of N. anduzei under the conditions mentioned above you
will soon observe the first courtship rituals of the males.Now, the dominant
males display a blood red caudal fin base and anal fin. The golden
horizontal bar shines in a light green and the brown back as well as the
brown horizontal band below the gold-green bar turns grey-brown. After this
impressive courtship display one of course hopes for numerous offspring of
this pretty and rare fish. But although I very often watched courtship
rituals the fish never spawned. So I decided to try to breed with a swarm of
four males and six females which were all animals that I had picked out from
several Blue Neon imports.
I set up an 8 litre breeding tank; 2/3 of the bottom were cushioned with
Java-moss, the surface was covered by Ceratopteris. The spring water I used
had pH 6.3 and 2° dH hardness.The swarm was kept like this for ten days;
artemia nauplia were fed daily.The food remains accummulated in the light
front part of the tank and were carefully sucked out every two days.
Afterwards I filled up the tank with fresh spring water. Three days after I
had removed the adults from the breeding tank I could see tiny zygotes that
stuck to the panes.This way it was easy to measure them: they were three
milimetres long, grey-white in colour and very thin. The head with the
clearly visible eye was thicker than the rest of the body. Every two days I
carefully added two drops of Liquifry to the tank water. At the beginning of
the third week I gave some artemia nauplia into the tank but I could not see
whether they were eaten or not. After three weeks I removed all plants from
the tank.To my disappointment, there were only six young fish. Still, those
six were now 4 mm long and had put on considerable weight.As the plants were
removed, I could now watch the fry eating the nauplia. At this stage I dared
to suck out some mud and fill up the tank with spring water. For eating food
remains I put in several Posthornsnails. Although this very first breeding
of N. anduzei was not too successful regarding numbers, it still showed that
it is possible to breed the dwarf species in the aquarium. It might be
possible that the species is (like many of its relatives) a predator of its
own eggs. If this is the case it could be wiser to breed only in pairs. It
will surely be possible to improve breeding results so that the pretty
species can be part of its owner's life for a long time.
Text & Photos: Dieter Bork
Reprint from AqualogNews No 7, actualized 4/2009
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Hydrolycus scomberoides
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The Dogtooth characins (Hydrolycus) are small genus of tetras (four species)
that have a wide distribution in tropical South America. They have in common
very long saber-like teeth in the lower jaw. In the upper jaw cave-like
notches are present, as otherwise the fish would not be able to close the
mouth.
These saber-teeth are used to stab the fish the Dogtooth characins feed on
to death before they eat them.
Hydrolycus scomberoides is one of the largest species of the genus. The
maximum length reported so far is more than a meter. This fish weighs around
18 kg. So it is clear that this species can be kept in very large aquaria
only.
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H. scomberoides can be easily recognized by a distinct black spot on the
innermost rays of the pectoral fins. This is a feature unique to that
species.
In the aquarium H. scomberoides require not much space (compared with other
fish), as well settles specimens do not move much. They stand in their
genus-typical head-down position and wait for prey. Although these
predators stand clear to congeneers they are not aggressiv e at all. Water
temperature should be between 22 and 28°C. The remaining water conditions
are of no great importance. Live fish are prefered as prey, but well settled
specimens will also accept dead fish for food.
Text & Photos: Frank Schäfer
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Astacus astacus
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The Noble or River cray, Astacus astacus, is sadly in danger of extinction
in central Europe. The reason for this are the extreme destruction of the
natural habitats in combination with the introduction of a Northamerican
species between 1860 and 1870. This species, the so-called Camber cray
(Orconectes limosus) was infested with a disease. This fungus does no harm
to the Camber cray at all, but kills all European species. The disease was
called the crayfish pestilence. Later, another Northamerican species
(Procambarus clarkii) was introduced in southern Europe and brought the
crayfish pestilence in the remaining territory of the native European
species. Both Camber cray and Procambarus clarkii were introduced as food
sources.
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We can offer Noble crays from special, disease free breeding farms for pond
and aquarium keeping. The small underwater knights are omnivorous, but the
main part of their natural diet forms dead plant material. So dead leaves
from oak, beech and so on should be available for the animals the whole time
through. It is esssential that the water temperature never gets higher than
18°C.
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Males and females can easily be distinguished from each other. Only the
males have a special pair of legs, the so-called gonopdes, which serve as
genitals. The gonopodes reach in between the last pair of walking legs. In
females there is simply nothing between the swimming legs (pleopods) and the
walking legs. After mating the females carry the eggs between the pleopods
until they hatch.
Text & Photos: Frank Schäfer
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Dear reader,
the next newsletter will be only released on May, 22nd.
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